Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory Research Articles

(PM-18) EXPLORING THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HYPERSEXUALITY AND SEX HORMONE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY IN BRAZILIAN MEN

Abstract Introduction Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) or hypersexual behavior has gained global attention due to its adverse impact on health. However, there is just a few data on sex hormones of people reporting CSBD/hypersexual behavior. Objective Here, we investigate correlations between CSBD/hypersexual behavior and sex hormone in a sample of 34 Brazilian men who met the diagnostic criteria for CSBD/hypersexual disorder. Methods After ethical approval, participants provided informed consent and were assessed through the Instrument of Investigation of CSBD Diagnostic Criteria – ICD11, Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory (HDSI), Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Additionally, participants' basal blood levels were evaluated. Results The sample had a mean age of 38.2 years (SD ± 10.05). The median hormone levels of total testosterone 484 ng/dL [356;560], free testosterone 372 pmol/L [285;472], prolactin 9.50 ng/mL [8.30;13.4], estradiol 23.9 pg/mL [23.9;27.5], SHBG 26.7 nmol/L [21.8;33.5], FSH 4.10 IU/L [2.8;5.3], and LH 2.90 IU/L [2.18;3.85]. Mean scores for HDSI, CSBI, SCS, and CTQ were 23.2 (SD ± 3.80), 66.3 (SD ± 8.26), 33.7 (SD ± 4.14), and 37.6 (SD ± 8.03), respectively. Spearman's correlation analyses showed a positive correlation between total with free testosterone levels (Rho: 0.87); Total testosterone levels with SHBG (Rho: 0.59); a negative correlation between total and free testosterone levels with SCS score (Rho: –0.38; Rho: –0.35, respectively); a negative correlation between LH levels and CTQ total scores (Rho: –0.63); a negative correlation between CSBI with SCS scores (Rho: –0.58). Conclusion Our data shows the first exploration between hypersexuality and sex hormones in a Brazilian men sample, supporting previous findings about a relationship of testosterone levels with SCS scores in hypersexual individuals. Financing FAPESP.

Family Attachment, Sexuality, and Sexual Recidivism in a Sample of Italian Sexual Offenders: Preliminary Results.

The research aims to investigate family communication regarding sexuality and the possible link between insecure attachment, violence in relationships, and the tendency toward sexual sensation-seeking in a sample of Italian sexual offenders. We evaluated 29 male sexual offenders in two correctional facilities of Southern Lazio (Italy) (mean age = 40.76; SD = 11.16). The participants completed general questions about their family and sexual education and fulfilled the following questionnaires: Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), Sexual Sensation-seeking Scale (SSSS), and the High-Risk Situation Checklist, adapted in Italian, as well as the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), validated in Italian. Most of the participants had never talked about sex within their family and perceived a severe or abusive education during childhood. In addition, positive correlations emerged between SSSS and the two scales of the CSBI, as well as between insecure attachment style, CSBI, and sexual sensation-seeking. The participants also reported some critical issues regarding the personal perception of high-risk situations linked to sexual relapse. The data suggest factors to investigate, such as family education and relationships and the personal perception of sexual recidivism. The results might be effective in treatment and prevention programs among sex offenders.

Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the sexual violence behavior

ABSTRACT Introduction The relationship between impulsivity and sexual compulsivity may be established as one of the greatest predictors of sexual violence. To better evaluate the violent sexual behavior in sexually compulsive individuals, we delineated a Sexual Violence Factor (SVF) based on the Violence Factor of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI-22). Objective This study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SVF. Method A total of 230 sexually compulsive and 79 non sexually compulsive (controls) individuals according to ICD-10 F52.7 Excessive Sexual Drive diagnosis, answered the CSBI-22, the Sexual Compulsive Scale (SCS) variables and the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). To assess the main questions related to sexual violence behavior itself from the CSBI-22 in our study, we ran a factorial analysis to build the SVF. The items with factor loadings of 0.45 or more were considered to meaningfully load onto a factor. We ran the alpha of Cronbach to assess internal consistency, spearman correlation to investigate the convergent validity (with the SCS, and the BIS), and Mann Whitney test to investigate the discriminant validity between sexually compulsive and controls. All the analysis were considered significative if p value < 0.05. Results From the nine itens which compose the CSBI-22 violence domaine, the factorial analysis resulted in three factors. The first factor enrolled the following five items: 1) Have you ever hit, kicked, punched, slapped, thrown, chocked, restrained, or beaten any of your sexual partners?, 2) Have you given others physical pain for sexual pleasure?, 3) In fighting, have you been hit, kicked, punched, slapped, thrown, chocked, restrained, or beaten by your current or most recent partner?, 4) Have you received physical pain for sexual pleasure?, and 5) Have you been forced to have sex with your husband, wife, or lover?. The second factor enrolled the following itens: 1) How often have you been arrested or legally apprehended for your sexual behavior? and 2) Have you been watched masturbating or having sex without giving permission?, and the third factor enrolled the following itens: 1) Have you ever hit, kicked, punched, slapped, thrown, chocked, restrained, or beaten any of your sexual partners?, and 2) Have you received money to have sex? We decided to consider the SVF as the factor 1 because it enrolled most of the items expressing violence between romantic sexual partners. For the SVF, the cumulative factor of 35.41. The SVF presented low internal consistency (alpha = 0.51), positive and significant correlation with the SCS (Spearman = 0.39; p<0.001) and the BIS (Spearman=0.29; p<0.001), and well discriminant property (z = -5.5, p<0.001) between sexually compulsives (median 6, IQR 5;7) and controls (median 5, IQR 5;6). Discussion The SVF presented satisfactory convergent and discrimnant validity and can be used to investigate expressions of sexual violence in the context of romantic/sexual relationship. However, the low cumulative factor and internal consistency suggests the importance of new studies to build new measures to get a more comprehensive understanding of the sexual violence conceptualization. Disclosure Work supported by industry: no.

Associations among boredom proneness, attachment styles, and compulsive sexual behavior

ABSTRACT Introduction It has been hypothesized that compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) may be a result of a biological vulnerability for affective dysregulation and impulsive control, which may emerge as a result of underlying neurobiological disruptions, childhood adversity, or attachment instability. Boredom proneness and attachment style have been shown to be empirical components associated with both CSB and dysphoric mood states. Thus, individuals who are prone to boredom may use CSB to mitigate negative affect, whereas individuals who have an attachment instability may use CSB to regulate negative affect linked with their insecure attachment. Investigations of these components in association with CSB may benefit in understanding the function of emotional dysregulation in individuals who experience nonparaphilic out-of-control or dysregulated sexual behavior patterns. Objective This study explores associations among boredom proneness, attachment styles, and CSB in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of emotion dysregulation. Method Participants were recruited through MTurk to obtain a sample of adults (age 18+) that is representative of the US-population in terms of gender and race-ethnicity. Participants (n=879) completed scales, including the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI-13); the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ-22) measuring by subscales Fearful, Preoccupied, Secure, and Dismissing attachment styles; and the Short Boredom Proneness Scale (SBPS-8). The scores are interpreted as follows, the higher the score, the greater the problem or the characteristic of the assessed condition. Pearson product-moment correlations were used to estimate the associations between variables, and multiple mediation analyses were conducted using PROCESS_v3.5.4: outcome variable=CSBI-13, predictor=SBPS-8, and mediator variables=four subscales of ASQ-22. Effect significance was estimated using the test bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) confidence interval of 95% and bootstrapping technique (n=5000). Results The CSBI-13 had a significant medium positive correlation with the SBPS-8 (r=.48) and the Fearful (r=.34) and Preoccupied (r=.37) subscales on the ASQ-22. A small significant and negative correlation was found for the Secure attachment style (r=-.20). No significant correlation was identified between the CSBI-13 and the Dismissing subscale. The mediation analyses indicated that the Fearful and Preoccupied subscales of ASQ-22 were significant mediators in the association between boredom and CSB, explaining 15% and 14% of the association, respectively. Conclusion The current findings demonstrate that boredom proneness and insecure attachment styles, namely those at the high-end of the anxiety dimension (i.e.,Fearful and Preoccupied), are positively associated with CSBI-13 scores. These findings support the theorized associations between emotion dysregulation and CSB. When boredom proneness and insecure attachment styles were combined, mediation results indicated that a small percentage of the explanation was transferred from one to the other. This indicates that they are distinct psychological components, despite some overlap and common internal mechanisms relating to dysphoric states, most likely related to a shared anxiety component. Furthermore, reiterated that emotional dysregulation is a complex process in CSB, making it difficult to distinguish whether a negative state and/or an unbalanced aspect of one's existence are a cause and/or an effect. While additional research is necessary, these findings suggest that clinicians should evaluate emotional dysregulation components in a multifactor and comprehensive manner when diagnosing CSB. Disclosure Work supported by industry: no.

Estimated Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Gay Men in the United States

BackgroundCompulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is a clinical syndrome that causes significant distress and impairment for many individuals in the United States. Gay men are thought to have a higher prevalence of CSB, and it is associated with many relevant health outcomes including HIV risk behavior. AimTo estimate the prevalence and examine demographic correlates of CSB among gay men in the United States. MethodsA U.S. national probability sample of 227 gay-identified men were collected as part of the 2015 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB). OutcomesParticipants completed the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI-13) and demographic measures. ResultsEighteen participants (7.93%) scored above the CSBI-13 clinical cut point, indicating they would likely meet criteria for clinically significant compulsive sexual behavior. To assess demographic correlates of CSB, demographic variables were entered into a logistic regression. Results of the logistic regression indicated that participant age, education, and religious affiliation were significant predictors of CSB status. Individuals scoring above the cut point were younger on average (M = 39.17; SD = 14.84) than those scoring below the cut point (M = 47.52; SD = 14.62; P = .02). Odds of scoring above the cut point were about six times greater for religiously affiliated participants compared to non-religiously affiliated participants (P = .005), and four times greater for those who had attended college compared to those who had not (P = .03). Clinical ImplicationsThese results indicate the prevalence of CSB in gay men is more modest than previously estimated, and is similar to the general population prevalence estimated in a previous study. The strongest predictor of CSB in this sample was religious affiliation, which underscores the importance of evaluating the role of religiosity in the etiology and/or identification of this clinical syndrome. Strengths and LimitationsThese findings are strengthened by the national probability sampling methodology and the use of the empirically validated CSBI-13 cut point. However, this sample was also older and had higher income and educational attainment than the larger population of gay men in the U.S. ConclusionThese results indicate gay men may have a CSB prevalence rate similar to the general population, which contradicts previous research suggesting they are at greater risk for CSB. Gleason N, Finotelli I, Miner MH, et al. Estimated Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Gay Men in the United States. J Sex Med 2021;18:1545–1554.

Efficacy of prison-based cognitive behavioral rehabilitation intervention on violent sexual behaviors among sex offenders in Nigerian prisons.

Background/Objective:Evidence showed that reoffending habits are increasing among offenders with violent sexual behaviors. Given the recidivism rates, a psychotherapeutic intervention becomes imperative. This study examined the efficacy of prison-based cognitive behavioral rehabilitation intervention (PCBRI) on violent sexual behaviors among sex offenders in Nigerian prisons.Method:A total of45 participants were the sample size. Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory and Hypersexual Behavior Inventory were employed in assessing the participants at 3 points. Using a simple random allocation sequence, 23 participants were exposed to PCBRI programme and 22 participants allocated to control condition. The data obtained were analyzed using repeated measures 2-way analysis of variance.Results:Results indicated a significant effect of the treatment on violent sexual behaviors among sex offenders in Nigerian prisons exposed to the PCBRI programme when compared to the no-intervention group. Result also showed a significant interaction effect of time and group on sex offenders with violent sexual behaviors. Follow-up tests showed significant decrease in violent sexual behaviors after 6 months for the PCBRI group in comparison to the control group.Conclusion:This study concluded that PCBRI approach is a type of psychotherapy that reduces violent sexual behaviors among sex offenders in Southeast Nigeria.

Prevalence of Distress Associated With Difficulty Controlling Sexual Urges, Feelings, and Behaviors in the United States

The veracity, nomenclature, and conceptualizations of sex addiction, out-of-control sexual behavior, hypersexual behavior, and impulsive or compulsive sexual behavior are widely debated. Despite such variation in conceptualization, all models concur on the prominent feature: failing to control one's sexual feelings and behaviors in a way that causes substantial distress and/or impairment in functioning. However, the prevalence of the issue in the United States is unknown. To assess the prevalence of distress and impairment associated with difficulty controlling sexual feelings, urges, and behaviors among a nationally representative sample in the United States. This survey study used National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior data to assess the prevalence of distress and impairment associated with difficulty controlling sexual feelings, urges, and behaviors and determined how prevalence varied across sociodemographic variables. Participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years were randomly sampled from all 50 US states in November 2016. Distress and impairment associated with difficulty controlling sexual feelings, urges, and behavior were measured using the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory-13. A score of 35 or higher on a scale of 0 to 65 indicated clinically relevant levels of distress and/or impairment. Of 2325 adults (1174 [50.5%] female; mean [SD] age, 34.0 [9.3] years), 201 [8.6%] met the clinical screen cut point of a score of 35 or higher on the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory. Gender differences were smaller than previously theorized, with 10.3% of men and 7.0% of women endorsing clinically relevant levels of distress and/or impairment associated with difficulty controlling sexual feelings, urges, and behavior. The high prevalence of this prominent feature associated with compulsive sexual behavior disorder has important implications for health care professionals and society. Health care professionals should be alert to the high number of people who are distressed about their sexual behavior, carefully assess the nature of the problem within its sociocultural context, and find appropriate treatments for both men and women.

457 Sexuality and family education in violent and sexual offender

The aim of this research is to identify family, social and individual factors that influence psychological well-being of prisoners who commit violent and sexual crimes. The final objective is to identify possible factors useful to promote prevention, rehabilitation and relapse prevention programmes. The sample consist of 29 male subjects with an average age of 40,76 (SD=11,16) inmates in two prisons of Southern Lazio for violent and sexual crimes. Participants completed a socio- demographic questionnaire and specific questionnaires about sexuality: Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (SSSS), Health Protective Sexual Communication Scale (HPSCS). Most of the participants are recidivist (55,2%), did not receive a treatment or psychological support in prison (44,8%) and do not make activities or social works (79,3%). As regards the social and family background, most of offenders made use of substances (62,1%), received severe education (55,2%), had low communication in family about sexuality (86,2%) and had parents who had committed a crime (58,6%). Regarding sexuality, 75,9% of participants reported high score in compulsive use of control in sexual relationships and 69% of them reported high scores in the use of violence in sexual relationships and in the SSSS; furthermore, 75,9% showed high scores in the communication about safe sex with new sexual partners. Significant and positive correlations emerged between SSSS total score and CSBI total score (p<.01). Significant and positive correlations emerged also between the SSSS total score and the two subscales of CSBI, respectively the use of violence in relationships (p<.01) and the tendency to have control (p<.05). No correlation was found between the HPSCS score and both the CSBI and SSSS scores.

Investigating Clinically and Scientifically Useful Cut Points on the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory

IntroductionOne of the major obstacles to conducting epidemiologic research and determining the incidence and prevalence of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) has been the lack of relevant empirically derived cut points on the various instruments that have been used to measure the concept. AimTo further develop the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) through exploring predictive validity and developing an empirically determined and clinically useful cut point for defining CSB. MethodsA sample of 242 men who have sex with men was recruited from various sites in a moderate-size Midwestern city. Participants were assigned to a CSB group or a control group using an interview for the diagnosis that was patterned after the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. The 22-item CSBI was administered as part of a larger battery of self-report inventories. Main Outcome MeasuresReceiver operating characteristic analyses were used to compute area-under-the-curve measurements to ascertain the predictive validity of the total scale, the control subscale, and the violence subscale. Cut points were determined through consensus of experts balancing sensitivity and specificity as determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. ResultsAnalyses indicated that the 22-item CSBI was a good predictor of group membership, as was the 13-item control subscale. The violence subscale added little to the predictive accuracy of the instrument; thus, it likely measures something other than CSB. Two relevant cut points were found, one that minimized false negatives and another, more conservative cut point that minimized false positives. ConclusionThe CSBI as currently configured measures two different constructions and only the control subscale is helpful in diagnosing CSB. Therefore, we decided to eliminate the violence subscale and move forward with a 13-item scale that we have named the CSBI-13. Two cut points were developed from this revised scale, one that is useful as a clinical screening tool and the other, more conservative measurement that is useful for etiologic and epidemiologic research.Miner MH, Raymond N, Coleman E, Swinburne Romine R. Investigating Clinically and Scientifically Useful Cut Points on the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory. J Sex Med 2017;14:715–720.

Conceptualization and Assessment of Hypersexual Disorder: ASystematic Review of the Literature.

Despite the rejection of hypersexual disorder (HD) as a new diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), clinical and research interest in HD continues. To systematically review the existing scientific literature on the conceptualization and assessment of HD and out-of-control sexual behavior. Studies were identified from PsychInfo, PubMed, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and Scholar's Portal using an exhaustive list of key terms. Of 299 total articles identified and screened, 252 were excluded, and 47 are included in this review. To review two categories of articles: HD conceptualization and HD psychometric assessment. First, results of the review of theoretical conceptualizations of HD reflected a large proportion of the peer-reviewed literature devoted to discussing conceptualizations of HD without reaching consensus. Second, results of the review of HD psychometric assessments were analyzed using Hunsley and Mash's (2008) criteria to evaluate psychometric adequacy of evidence-based assessment measurements. The six most researched measurements of HD were evaluated, including the Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory, the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory, the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, the Sexual Addiction Screening Test, the Sexual Addiction Screening Test-Revised, and the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory. Psychometric properties of the scales are reviewed, evaluated, and discussed. The Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory, the measurement proposed for the clinical screening of HD by the DSM-5 workgroup, currently has the strongest psychometric support. Future researchand clinical directions are discussed in light of findings after the literature review and synthesis. Montgomery-Graham S. Conceptualization and Assessment of Hypersexual Disorder: ASystematic Review of the Literature. Sex Med Rev 2017;5:146-162.

Sexual Compulsivity Scale, Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory, and Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory: Translation, Adaptation, and Validation for Use in Brazil.

Epidemiological, behavioral, and clinical data on sexual compulsivity in Brazil are very limited. This study sought to adapt and validate the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS), the 22-item version of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI-22), and the Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory (HDSI) for use in Brazil. A total of 153 participants underwent psychiatric assessment and completed self-reported measures. The adaptation process of the instruments from English to Portuguese followed the guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. The reliability and validity of the HDSI criteria were evaluated and the construct validity of all measures was examined. For the SCS and HDSI, factor analysis revealed one factor for each measure. For the CSBI-22, four factors were retained although we only calculated the scores of two factors (control and violence). All scores had good internal consistency (alpha >.75), presented high temporal stability (>.76), discriminated between patients and controls, and presented strong (ρ>.81) correlations with the Sexual Addiction Screening Test (except for the violence domain=.40) and moderate correlations with the Impulsive Sensation Seeking domain of the Zuckerman Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ρ between .43 and .55). The sensitivity of the HDSI was 71.93% and the specificity was 100%. All measures showed very good psychometric properties. The SCS, the HDSI, and the control domain of the CSBI-22 seemed to measure theoretically similar constructs, as they were highly correlated (ρ>.85). The findings support the conceptualization of hypersexuality as a cluster of problematic symptoms that are highly consistent across a variety of measures.

Examining the Validity of Low-Income African American Women's Responses to Items from the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI)

The CSBI assesses problems associated with compulsive sexual behavior in male samples. Three hundred and six low income women were administered a 13-item CSBI prior to a sexual health seminar. CFA was used to confirm the previously-established two factor model. The two factor model showed acceptable fit. Women's scores appeared lower than men's. CSBI-13 total and subscale scores were higher in women who reported having engaged in sex exchange. Results support continued use of CSBI Total and Control scores in studying women's sexual behavior. It is unclear whether women's lower scores indicate less CSB or whether women's symptoms are inadequately measured by the CSBI.

A Surprising Finding Related to Executive Control in a Patient Sample of Hypersexual Men

Patients seeking help for hypersexual behavior often exhibit features of impulsivity, cognitive rigidity, and poor judgment as well as deficits in emotion regulation and excessive preoccupation with sex. Some of these characteristics are also common among patients presenting with neurological pathology associated with executive dysfunction. Exploring relationships between dysregulated sexual behavior and executive deficits will enhance our understanding of hypersexuality. This study sought to assess whether patients seeking help for hypersexual behavior exhibit executive deficits as measured by standardized neuropsychological tests of executive functioning when compared with healthy controls. Executive deficits were assessed in a sample of male patients (N = 30) seeking help for hypersexual behavior compared with a nonhypersexual community sample of men (N = 30) using neuropsychological tests of executive functioning. Using multivariate statistics, differences between the groups were examined. Sexual activity measured by the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory and the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory. Executive functions measured through neuropsychological testing using several subtests of Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System: Color-Word Interference Test, the Tower Test, the Trail Making Test, the Verbal Fluency Test, as well as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Psychopathology was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and cognitive ability was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Significant differences on measures of hypersexuality were observed. However, the groups failed to exhibit significant differences across neuropsychological tests of executive functioning even after controlling for cognitive ability. These results contradict a previous finding of executive deficits among hypersexual men measured by self-report. The lack of executive deficits suggests that this population may exhibit domain-specific aspects of impulsivity, poor judgment, and risky behavior that are not generalizable to other domains of life. Furthermore, our findings fail to support a conceptualization of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, proposed hypersexual disorder based on models of executive dysfunction. .

A Psychometric Analysis of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory

Because of the association that researchers have recently delineated between compulsive sexual behavior and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and drug abuse, it is paramount that a psychometrically sound measure of compulsive sexual behavior is made available to all healthcare professionals working in disease prevention and other areas. This article reports the findings from a psychometric analysis of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) in a sample of 482 racially and ethnically diverse men and women. The current study provides further evidence for the score reliability and the score validity of the CSBI in this sample. Construct-related validity was assessed using the multi-trait multi-method approach. These analyses extend previous findings for the psychometric properties of the CSBI in a more diversified sample.

Proposing a Tentative Cut Point for the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory

Bivariate analyses were utilized in order to identify the relations between scores on the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) and self-report of risky sexual behavior and drug abuse among 482 racially and ethnically diverse men and women. CSBI scores were associated with both risky sexual behavior and drug abuse among a diverse non-clinical sample, thereby providing evidence of criterion-related validity. The variables that demonstrated a high association with the CSBI were subsequently entered into a multiple regression model. Four variables (number of sexual partners in the last 30days, self-report of trading drugs for sex, having paid for sex, and perceived chance of acquiring HIV) were retained as variables with good model fit. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted in order to determine the optimal tentative cut point for the CSBI. The four variables retained in the multiple regression model were utilized as exploratory gold standards in order to construct ROC curves. The ROC curves were then compared to one another in order to determine the point that maximized both sensitivity and specificity in the identification of compulsive sexual behavior with the CSBI scale. The current findings suggest that a tentative cut point of 40 may prove clinically useful in discriminating between persons who exhibit compulsive sexual behavior and those who do not. Because of the association between compulsive sexual behavior and HIV, STIs, and drug abuse, it is paramount that a psychometrically sound measure of compulsive sexual behavior is made available to all healthcare professionals working in disease prevention and other areas.

Preliminary investigation of the impulsive and neuroanatomical characteristics of compulsive sexual behavior

In recent years, there has been increased interest in a clinical syndrome characterized by excessive sexual thoughts, sexual urges, and/or sexual behaviors that has many aspects in common with impulse control disorders. This study provides a preliminary examination of the impulsive aspects of this syndrome, compulsive sexual behavior (CSB). Sixteen male subjects, eight CSB patients and eight non-patient controls, completed psychometric measures of impulsivity and compulsive sexual behavior, performed a behavioral task designed to assess impulse control (Go–No Go task), and underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) procedures. The results indicated that CSB patients were significantly more impulsive; whether measured by psychometric testing or the Go-No Go procedure, than controls. The results also indicate that CSB patients showed significantly higher superior frontal region mean diffusivity (MD) than controls. A correlational analysis indicated significant associations between impulsivity measures and inferior frontal region fractional anisotropy (FA) and MD, but no associations with superior frontal region measures. Similar analyses indicated a significant negative association between superior frontal lobe MD and the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory. Thus, while CSB patients were more impulsive than controls, the DTI results were not consistent with impulse control disorders.

Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Risk for Unsafe Sex Among Internet Using Men Who Have Sex with Men

The present study explored the relationship between compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) for men who have sex with men (MSM) across a number of ethnic/racial groups and who used the Internet to seek sexual partners. A sample of 2,716 MSM (512 Asian, 445 Black, 683 Latino, 348 Other, 728 White) completed on online survey that collected information about their sexual behaviors with partners met online and offline. The survey also included the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI). Consistent with the notion that CSB is a stable trait, higher scores on the CSBI were associated with greater odds for engaging in UAI, regardless of the context in which sex partners were met (online or offline). Differences in median CSB scores were generally similar across racial and ethnic groups. The median CSB score was significantly higher for HIV-positive participants than for HIV-negative participants. HIV-prevention interventions are needed among MSM, but should take into account that some may be resistant to risk reduction strategies because of CSB.

Psychometrics and Comparison of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory and the Sexual Compulsivity Scale in a Male College Student Sample

The current study examined and compared the psychometric properties of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale and the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory in male college students. Participants included 334 male undergraduate students enrolled in Introductory Psychology courses. Zero-order correlation analyses were conducted and statistically compared to identify sexual behaviors and constructs significantly and differentially related to scores on the CSBI and SCS. Examination of the results suggests both of the compulsivity scales have good evidence for reliability and validity in a male college student sample, but may measure somewhat different aspects of compulsivity. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Predicting Negative Outcomes of Sexuality Using the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory

The purpose of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) and its relations with sexual behaviors and their outcomes. Data were collected from 390 young adults. Results indicated high levels of internal consistency for the CSBI (á = .87) and acceptable levels of construct and criterion-related validity. Forward stepwise logistic regression analyses suggest that the CSBI was capable of predicting negative outcomes and unprotected. The CSBI appears to hold great potential for use in sexual health programs focusing on young adults.

Preliminary Report on the Development and Validation of the Sexual Symptom Assessment Scale

In order to measure the severity of symptoms of Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) the Sexual Symptom Assessment Scale (S-SAS) was developed. The S-SAS is a 12-item, self-rated scale, with each item scored 0–8; higher scores indicate more severe symptoms. [symptomatology-the study of symptoms] The S-SAS was found to have good test-retest reliability. It also demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity in that it showed a strong correlation with the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory, a measure of the CSB traits, and with clinician ratings of CSB symptoms. In contrast, the S-SAS did not display a significant correlation with ratings of overall psychopathology.